在使用RMAN恢复数据库的时候，有一个数据库在恢复的时候遇到ORA-01180错误，如下：

Starting restore at 20-MAY-16

creating datafile file number=1 name=/data2/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/system01.dbf
released channel: d1
released channel: d2
released channel: d3
released channel: d4
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 05/20/2016 11:17:25
ORA-01180: can not create datafile 1
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/system01.dbf'

经查询，备份没有任何问题，由于备份文件的存放位置发生变化，事先已经清理了无效的备份，重新注册的，数据文件的位置也发生了变化，转换后的路径也没有任何问题，权限都正确，在一切情况都正常的情况下遇到这个错误，通常都是控制文件的问题，重建控制文件即可解决。我在这里并没有重建控制文件，而是使用dbms_backup_restore包来恢复的数据文件，这里只简单举个例子，关于如何使用这个包恢复数据文件，在我的BLOG直接搜索包名即可找到相关文章。

SQL> DECLARE
  2    V_DEVICE VARCHAR2(100);
  3    V_FINISH BOOLEAN;
  4    TYPE T_FILENAMETABLE IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(4000) INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
  5    V_FILENAMETABLE T_FILENAMETABLE;
  6    V_MAXPIECES NUMBER :=3;
  7  BEGIN
  8    V_FILENAMETABLE(1) :='/data2/ivlifdb/dbfull_20160515/dbfull_4cr5k89k_1164_1_911876404';
  9    V_DEVICE := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DEVICEALLOCATE();
 10    SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.RESTORESETDATAFILE;
 11    SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.RESTOREDATAFILETO(1, '/data2/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/system01.dbf');
 12    FOR I IN 1..V_MAXPIECES LOOP
 13      SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.RESTOREBACKUPPIECE(V_FILENAMETABLE(I), V_FINISH);
 14      IF V_FINISH THEN
 15        SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DEVICEDEALLOCATE;
 16        RETURN;
 17      END IF;
 18    END LOOP;
 19    SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DEVICEDEALLOCATE;
 20  END;
 21  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

这里是通过DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE程序包从/data2/ivlifdb/dbfull_20160515/dbfull_4cr5k89k_1164_1_911876404备份片中恢复/data2/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/system01.dbf数据文件，也就是1号数据文件。由于数据文件路径发生改变，需要修改控制文件中数据文件的新路径。

SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/system01.dbf' to '/data2/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/system01.dbf';

Database altered.

Restore完数据文件后，在recover的时候，遇到了ORA-19909错误。

Starting recover at 20-MAY-16

starting media recovery
media recovery failed
released channel: d1
released channel: d2
released channel: d3
released channel: d4
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 05/20/2016 16:13:14
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
RMAN-11003: failure during parse/execution of SQL statement: alter database recover if needed
 start until time 'MAY 19 2016 00:00:00' using backup controlfile
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-19909: datafile 1 belongs to an orphan incarnation
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/data2/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/system01.dbf'

这个错误需要重建控制文件解决，到头来还是得重建控制文件。

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "IVLIFDB" RESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
  2      MAXLOGFILES 16
  3      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  4      MAXDATAFILES 100
  5      MAXINSTANCES 8
  6      MAXLOGHISTORY 292
  7  LOGFILE
  8    GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/redo01.log'  SIZE 500M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  9    GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/redo02.log'  SIZE 500M BLOCKSIZE 512,
 10    GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/redo03.log'  SIZE 500M BLOCKSIZE 512,
 11    GROUP 4 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/redo04.log'  SIZE 500M BLOCKSIZE 512,
 12    GROUP 5 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/redo05.log'  SIZE 500M BLOCKSIZE 512
 13  -- STANDBY LOGFILE
 14  --   GROUP 10 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/st_redo10.log'  SIZE 500M BLOCKSIZE 512,
 15  --   GROUP 11 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/st_redo11.log'  SIZE 500M BLOCKSIZE 512,
--   GROUP 12 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/st_redo12.log'  SIZE 500M BLOCKSIZE 512,
 16   17  --   GROUP 13 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/st_redo13.log'  SIZE 500M BLOCKSIZE 512,
 18  --   GROUP 14 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/st_redo14.log'  SIZE 500M BLOCKSIZE 512,
--   GROUP 15 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/st_redo15.log'  SIZE 500M BLOCKSIZE 512
 19   20  DATAFILE
 21    '/data2/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/system01.dbf',
 22    '/data2/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/sysaux01.dbf',
 23    '/data2/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/undotbs01.dbf',
 24    '/data2/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/users01.dbf',
 25    '/data2/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/ts_if01.dbf',
  '/data2/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ivlifdb/ts_inx_if01.dbf'
 26   27  CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;
 28  

Control file created.

重建控制文件后，问题解决，一切都很顺利。

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