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11gR2新特性-RMAN压缩备份的增强

Dec052013
作者：dbdream   发布：2013-12-05 19:52   分类：Oracle, oracle 10g, oracle 11g     抢沙发  

ORACLE在10g版本推出了以bzip2算法的压缩备份，在11gR1又推出了zlib压缩算法的压缩备份，在11gR2版本又推出了基本压缩备份和高级压缩备份，而高级压缩备份又分高中低三种级别。本文主要对比10gR2和11gR2的压缩备份，由于本人没有11gR1测试环境，11gR1也很少有人使用，这里11gR1就不测试了。

先看下10.2.0.5.0版本的数据库的当前信息，下面是数据文件的大小和数据文件空闲大小。

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
CORE    10.2.0.5.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production

SQL> select sum(BYTES/1024/1024)  from dba_data_files;

SUM(BYTES/1024/1024)
--------------------
                 945

SQL> select sum(BYTES/1024/1024)  from dba_free_space;

SUM(BYTES/1024/1024)
--------------------
              415.25

数据文件真实使用530M。

SQL> select 945-415.25 from dual;

945-415.25
----------
    529.75

在看下10gR2在启用压缩时备份文件的大小和备份时间(虚拟机环境CPU和I/O能力有限，和生产环境可能存在一定的误差)。

RMAN>  backup database format '/home/oracle/backup/10205-%U-%T-%s';

Starting backup at 30-11-12
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=143 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orac/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orac/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orac/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orac/gguser.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orac/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 30-11-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 30-11-13
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/10205-0bnrj1eu_1_1-20121130-11 tag=TAG20121130T051302 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
including current SPFILE in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 30-11-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 30-11-13
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/10205-0cnrj1fd_1_1-20121130-12 tag=TAG20121130T051302 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 30-1-13

[oracle@t10205 backup]$ du -sh *
404M    10205-0bnrj1eu_1_1-20121130-11
6.9M    10205-0cnrj1fd_1_1-20121130-12

没有启用压缩时，15秒完成数据库的备份，备份文件404M，下面再看看启用压缩后，备份需要的时间和备份文件大小。

RMAN> backup as compressed backupset full database format '/home/oracle/backup/compress-%U';

Starting backup at 30-11-12
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=158 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orac/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orac/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orac/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orac/gguser.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orac/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 30-11-12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 30-11-12
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/compress-0dnrj1rf_1_1 tag=TAG20121130T051942 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:16
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
including current SPFILE in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 30-11-12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 30-11-12
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/compress-0enrj1ru_1_1 tag=TAG20121130T051942 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished backup at 30-11-12

[oracle@t10205 backup]$ du -sh com*
80M     compress-0dnrj1rf_1_1
1.1M    compress-0enrj1ru_1_1

我的数据库数据量太小，而且CPU资源充足，备份时间的差距不明显，但是压缩后，备份文件只有80M。再看下11gR2的备份情况，先看下11gR2测试数据库的数据量情况。

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE    11.2.0.4.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

SQL> select sum(BYTES/1024/1024)  from dba_data_files;

SUM(BYTES/1024/1024)
--------------------
                2040

SQL> select sum(BYTES/1024/1024)  from dba_free_space;

SUM(BYTES/1024/1024)
--------------------
            909.0625

SQL> select 2040-909.0625 from dual;

2040-909.0625
-------------
    1130.9375

看下不压缩的时候，备份速度和备份的大小。

RMAN> backup database format '/home/oracle/11204-%T-%U';

Starting backup at 05-DEC-13
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=25 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
piece handle=/home/oracle/11204-20131205-01oqois9_1_1 tag=TAG20131205T130513 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:36
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
piece handle=/home/oracle/11204-20131205-02oqoj15_1_1 tag=TAG20131205T130513 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 05-DEC-13

[oracle@mining ~]$ du -sh 11204*
931M    11204-20131205-01oqois9_1_1
9.4M    11204-20131205-02oqoj15_1_1

在没有压缩的情况下，用了2分36秒备份完，备份大小为931M。再看下启用压缩后，备份的时间和备份大小。在这里不得不提一下11gR2压缩备份的变化，在10g版本，压缩备份只有bzip2一种压缩算法，在11gR1版本，又引入了zlib算法，也就是11gR1版本有两种压缩备份方式bzip2和zlib，在11gR2版本，将压缩备份改成了BASIC基本压缩备份和高级压缩备份，而高级压缩备份又分为高中低三种级别，也就是在11gR2版本，可以有4种压缩备份方式的选择。下面就分别测试下这4中压缩方式的备份，默认是BASIC基本压缩备份。

RMAN> show  COMPRESSION ALGORITHM;

RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name MINING are:
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default

先测试下默认的压缩方式BASIC，基本压缩备份。

RMAN> backup as compressed backupset full database format '/home/oracle/full-%s-%U.bak';

Starting backup at 05-DEC-13
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=16 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
piece handle=/home/oracle/full-3-03oqoptc_1_1.bak tag=TAG20131205T150516 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
piece handle=/home/oracle/full-4-04oqopv3_1_1.bak tag=TAG20131205T150516 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 05-DEC-13

[oracle@mining ~]$ du -sh full*
202M    full-3-03oqoptc_1_1.bak
1.1M    full-4-04oqopv3_1_1.bak

看来我的CPU很闲，而且I/O是备份的瓶颈，BASIC模式的压缩备份的时间比不启用压缩还要短，只需要55秒，备份文件202M。下面看下LOW级别的压缩。

RMAN> CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'LOW';

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'LOW' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

RMAN> backup as compressed backupset full database format '/home/oracle/low-%s-%U.bak';

Starting backup at 05-DEC-13
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=16 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
piece handle=/home/oracle/low-5-05oqorn4_1_1.bak tag=TAG20131205T153604 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
piece handle=/home/oracle/low-6-06oqornt_1_1.bak tag=TAG20131205T153604 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 05-DEC-13

[oracle@mining ~]$ du -sh low*
260M    low-5-05oqorn4_1_1.bak
1.1M    low-6-06oqornt_1_1.bak

LOW级别的压缩模式，备份只需要25秒，备份文件大小为260M。再看下MEDIUM级别的压缩。

RMAN> CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'MEDIUM';

old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'LOW' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'MEDIUM' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

RMAN> backup as compressed backupset full database format '/home/oracle/medium-%s-%U.bak';

Starting backup at 05-DEC-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
piece handle=/home/oracle/medium-7-07oqorvc_1_1.bak tag=TAG20131205T154028 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
piece handle=/home/oracle/medium-8-08oqos0f_1_1.bak tag=TAG20131205T154028 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 05-DEC-13

[oracle@mining ~]$ du -sh medium*
215M    medium-7-07oqorvc_1_1.bak
1.1M    medium-8-08oqos0f_1_1.bak

中级的压缩模式，备份时间35秒，备份文件215M。再看下HIGH级别的压缩。

RMAN>  CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'HIGH';

old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'MEDIUM' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'HIGH' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

RMAN> backup as compressed backupset full database format '/home/oracle/high-%s-%U.bak';

Starting backup at 05-DEC-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mining/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
piece handle=/home/oracle/high-9-09oqos5o_1_1.bak tag=TAG20131205T154352 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:55
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-DEC-13
piece handle=/home/oracle/high-10-0aoqosb8_1_1.bak tag=TAG20131205T154352 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 05-DEC-13

[oracle@mining ~]$ du -sh high*
1.1M    high-10-0aoqosb8_1_1.bak
160M    high-9-09oqos5o_1_1.bak

HIGH级别的压缩模式，耗时2分55秒，备份文件160M。下面是整理后的对比情况。

版本 数据文件大小 数据文件使用大小 压缩级别 备份时间 备份大小 压缩率
10.2.0.5.0 945(MB) 529.75(MB) 未压缩 15秒 404(MB)
bzip2 16秒 80(MB) 19.8%
11.2.0.4.0 2040(MB) 1130.9375(MB) 未压缩 2分36秒 931(MB)
BASIC 55秒 202(MB) 21.7%
LOW 25秒 260(MB) 27.9%
MEDIUM 35秒 215(MB) 23.1%
HIGH 2分55秒 160(MB) 17.2%

从实验结果看，并不一定使用压缩备份，备份的时间就会变长，在I/O能力不是很好的环境，压缩备份可以减少I/O，从而提升备份速率，当然这要根据不同的环境选择最适合自己的压缩级别。

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